ABSTRACT
The current COVID-19 pandemic and 'new normal' has resulted in much distress worldwide. Social media currently plays an essential role in information gathering. Thus, time spent on social media has increased drastically, further increasing the risk for internet-related addictions, such as social media addiction. This study aimed to develop a COVID-19-related measure of social media addiction based on the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) in order to aid in the identification and evaluation of at-risk individuals. Social Media Addiction Scale for COVID-19 Pandemic (SMACOP) was adapted from BSMAS to fit the context of COVID-19 and pilot tested on 20 individuals. A total of 80 participants were subsequently recruited through convenience sampling from the general public of a public university in Malaysia, comprising of patients' family, visitors, or hospital staff. Construct validity was assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD7) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ9). A two-factor structure was found for SMACOP, comprising of the factors 'Desire' and 'Distress'. SMACOP shows good internal consistency (alpha = 0.64) and validity. SMACOP scores were positively correlated with the PHQ9, GAD7, and ISI (p<.01). SMACOP is a psychometrically valid instrument with high internal consistency, which is especially useful during this time in assessing social media addiction in relevance to COVID-19.
ABSTRACT
Digital Transformation has not been foreign to people in emerging economic growth, especially SME entrepreneurs in developing countries such as Malaysia. Digital transformation adoption is a way for an enterprise to improve the use of technology in a better way. But as the digital revolution has been evolving, there are still a few entrepreneurs who neglect it. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the factors affecting the adoption which is (competitive pressure, technology advancement, cost minimization, and environmental influence) on digital transformation adoption among SMEs in Malaysia. The relationship also consists of a moderating effect which is environment shock (pandemic covid-19) between the independent variable and dependent variable. The study also provides some knowledge for a deeper understanding of digital transformation and a guide to all SME entrepreneurs and others. Copyright © 2021, Ab Wahid, Rosni and Zulkifli, Nurul Aziidah.